keywords: boundary objects. Music Information Science The Annotation Object (symbolic, numeric, or text) and levels of ambiguity the more un-ambiguous it is, the closer it is to a form of notation, as opposed to annotation. Do these annotations convey any information that might be valuable in the future or are they only relevant given a certain time and context? primary artefact (e.g. musical notation, sheet music) Humans use symbols to recognize, comprehend, and even create the world; and both science and the arts work together to help make sense of that world. notation is a symbol system where each symbol corresponds to one item in the field of reference, and each item corresponds to only one symbol. A 1-1 mapping? Symbol systems, like music notation, which are defined by semantic rules, require more than this to be notational: the characters in a notational symbol system must be: 1) unambiguous; 2) the characters must be semantically disjoint (i.e., meanings cannot intersect); and 3) the system must be finitely differentiated (it is always possible to know to which item a symbol refers). Musical scores qualify as notational systems, with some qualifications that will be discussed later. Natural language has a notational scheme but fails to be a notational system because of ambiguities (in English, the word “bank” refers to a piece of land on the side of a river, as well as a place where people conduct financial transactions) and instances of semantic “disjointness” (the words “woman” and “teacher” often refer to the same thing).Text block
When he was composing “The Bell,” Smith drew Xs with vertical stems and enclosed them in a dotted-line box near the end of the score. Unsure of what they represented, he listened to a rehearsal recording when he noticed the ensemble went silent as they reached the box. In a May 2022 interview with Chamber Music America, he described it: “Right there, Muhal gave the music another stroke,” Smith said. “And then I gave it another stroke. And I felt that sense of space I’d only imagined. Those two strokes had an equivalence of silence in between them. I realized that sound could be silence, and silence could be sound. I understood how they connected. I heard it as a rhythm unit.” Another seed had taken root. A central component of Ankhrasmation language, the “rhythm unit,” is Smith’s non-metrical concept of musical time that balances silence and sound. Rhythm units allow a piece with an undefined tempo/time signature to establish its own momentum and time coordination.Wadada Leo Smith Invites You To Listen